Oral cancer refers to cancer that develops in the tissues of the mouth or throat, often starting in the form of a sore or growth that doesn’t heal. It is a serious condition that can affect any part of the oral cavity, including the lips, gums, tongue, cheeks, and the roof or floor of the mouth. While it’s not as widely discussed as other forms of cancer, oral cancer is still a significant health concern, with thousands of people being diagnosed each year.

What is Oral Cancer?

Oral cancer, also known as oral cavity cancer or mouth cancer, involves the growth of malignant (cancerous) cells in the tissues of the mouth. It is a type of head and neck cancer and can also extend to the throat (oropharyngeal cancer). Most oral cancers begin in the squamous cells that line the mouth, lips, and throat.

The cancer can spread to nearby tissues, and if not diagnosed and treated early, it can spread to the lymph nodes or other parts of the body. As with most cancers, the sooner oral cancer is detected, the higher the chance for successful treatment and recovery.

Risk Factors for Oral Cancer

Several factors increase the risk of developing oral cancer. These include:

• Tobacco Use: Smoking cigarettes, cigars, or pipes, as well as using smokeless tobacco, significantly raises the risk of oral cancer.
• Alcohol Consumption: Heavy drinking, especially in combination with tobacco use, is another significant risk factor.
• HPV (Human Papillomavirus) Infection: Certain strains of HPV are linked to cancers of the oropharynx, the back part of the throat.
• Age: Oral cancer is most commonly diagnosed in people over the age of 40, although it can affect younger individuals as well.
• Poor Diet: A diet lacking in fruits and vegetables, as well as high in processed foods, can increase the risk of developing oral cancer.
• Sun Exposure: Prolonged exposure to sunlight can increase the risk of lip cancer, especially for those who do not use sunscreen on their lips.
• Weakened Immune System: Individuals with compromised immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS or those taking immunosuppressive medications, may have an increased risk.

Signs and Symptoms of Oral Cancer

Early-stage oral cancer may not cause pain or discomfort, which is why it is often difficult to detect without professional screening. However, there are several warning signs that could indicate the presence of oral cancer. These include:

• A sore or ulcer in the mouth that does not heal within two weeks is a common symptom of oral cancer. The sore may be painful or may just be an irritating lesion that won’t go away.
• Pain or discomfort while swallowing or chewing is another symptom that could indicate oral cancer. This may also be accompanied by a feeling that food is stuck in the throat.
• A persistent sore throat, hoarseness, or a change in your voice may signal the presence of oral cancer, especially if it lasts for more than a couple of weeks.
• If you notice unusual bleeding in your mouth that doesn’t have a clear cause, it could be a sign of cancerous growth.
• Oral cancer can cause lumps or swelling in the mouth, tongue, cheeks, or neck. These lumps may feel firm to the touch and may not be painful at first.
• As with many cancers, unexplained weight loss may be a sign of oral cancer, especially when combined with other symptoms like difficulty eating or swallowing.
• Red (erythroplakia) or white (leukoplakia) patches on the gums, tongue, or roof of the mouth can be a precursor to cancer. These patches may not be painful but should be evaluated by a dentist or doctor.

Diagnosis of Oral Cancer

If your dentist or doctor suspects oral cancer, they will conduct a thorough examination of your mouth, lips, and throat, checking for any abnormal signs. They may also perform the following tests:

• Biopsy: A small sample of tissue may be taken from a suspicious area in the mouth to determine if cancerous cells are present.
• Imaging Tests: X-rays, CT scans, or MRIs may be used to assess the spread of cancer to nearby tissues and lymph nodes.
• Endoscopy: In some cases, an endoscope may be inserted into the throat to examine the area and obtain tissue samples for further testing.

Treatment Options for Oral Cancer

The treatment for oral cancer depends on its stage, location, and the overall health of the patient. Common treatment options include:

• Surgery: Surgery is the most common treatment for oral cancer, especially in the early stages. The goal is to remove the tumour and affected tissue while preserving as much healthy tissue as possible. In more advanced cases, reconstructive surgery may be necessary to restore function and appearance.
• Radiation Therapy: Radiation therapy uses high-energy rays to target and destroy cancer cells. It may be used after surgery to kill any remaining cancer cells or as the primary treatment for smaller tumours.
• Chemotherapy: Chemotherapy uses drugs to kill cancer cells or stop their growth. It can be used in combination with surgery and radiation therapy, especially for more advanced cancers.
• Targeted Therapy: Targeted therapy involves drugs that specifically target cancer cells without harming surrounding healthy cells. This approach is often used in conjunction with other treatments.

Prevention and Early Detection

While not all cases of oral cancer can be prevented, there are several lifestyle changes you can make to reduce your risk:

• Quit Smoking and Tobacco Use: Avoid using any form of tobacco, including smokeless tobacco.
• Limit Alcohol Consumption: Drink in moderation, or better yet, avoid alcohol completely.
• Protect Your Lips from the Sun: Use lip balm with SPF when exposed to the sun.
• Eat a Healthy Diet: A diet rich in fruits and vegetables may lower your risk of oral cancer.
• Regular Dental Checkups: Routine dental visits allow your dentist to screen for early signs of oral cancer and detect it before it progresses.

Conclusion

Oral cancer is a serious condition that requires early detection and treatment to improve the chances of recovery. If you notice any of the symptoms mentioned above, don’t hesitate to seek professional advice. Early intervention can save lives and ensure that your treatment options are more effective.

At Caring Dental, we prioritize your health and well-being, providing regular oral cancer screenings during routine checkups. If you’re due for a dental visit or have any concerns about your oral health, contact us today. Our team is here to help you maintain a healthy smile and catch any potential issues early.

Call us now to schedule an appointment and take proactive steps toward maintaining your oral health!